Monday, February 21, 2011

Food and Environmental Factors putting you at risk for PCOS/Endometriosis

ANNOUNCEMENT!!!
BPA IS POISON!
"Analysis revealed 60% higher blood levels of BPA among lean women with PCOS and 30% higher levels among obese women with PCOS compared with healthy women."

There are two primary sets of chemicals that lead to PCOS. The first are Xeno-Estrogens. The next are endocrine or thyroid disruptors.

Xeno-Estrogens are external hormones that cause an estrogen dominance (which causes PMS symptoms) and early onset of puberty in women.

Organ chlorines, are one of the largest sources. They are used in pesticides, dry cleaning, bleaching of feminine-hygiene products and the manufacture of plastics.

Bisphenol-A, a breakdown of polycarbonate, is used in many plastic bottles. It’s found in the lining of many food cans and juice containers.

Avoid heated plastics, plastic lined items and Styrofoam (microwave, oven, sun), as the polycarbonate escapes

Use glass, ceramics or steel to store/consume foods and liquids.

Choose organic produce. Always go organic with thin skinned fruits and vegetables.

Buy hormone-free animal products (eggs, poultry, meats, dairy). To avoid xenoestrogen injections, supplements, bovine growth hormone.

A common food preservative in processed foods (BHS: butylated hydroxyanisole).

Avoid non-organic coffee and tea.

Use reverse-osmosis filter water or purchase your own filter (drinking and bathing).

Many creams and cosmetics contain parabens and stearal konium chloride. Choose natural brands (preservatives made with minerals or grapefruit seed extract).

Most skin lotions, creams, soaps, shampoo, cosmetics use parabens and phenoxyethanol as a preservative. Substances are 100% absorbed into the body. Go natural or organic.

Phthalates are commonly found in baby lotions and powders.

Sunscreen can contain benzophenone-3, homosalate, 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor, octal-methoxycinnamate, octal-dimethyl-PABA. Go organic.

Many perfumes, deodorizers, air fresheners have artificial scents and contain phthalates.

Most perfumes are petrochemically based.

Nail polish and removers contain harsh chemicals.

The birth control pill contains high concentration of synthetic estrogen. Choose a condom or diaphragm gels without surfactants. Use a condom without spermicidal.

Hormone replacement therapy (contains synthetic estrogens) - opt for paraben-free progesterone cream.


List of Xenoestrogens - Chemical Estrogens: How to Avoid Xenoestrogens http://www.suite101.com/content/list-of-xenoestrogens---chemical-estrogens-a205523#ixzz1EfVCfCd2

http://www.endo101.com/xeno.html

HERE ARE TWO SOURCES OF EVIDENCE SHOWING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN BISPHENOL A AND ESTROGEN DOMINANCE (ESTROGEN DOMINANCE=POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME).

Reaching Puberty Early (story about how a mother reversed her daughters’ early puberty onset by removing all plastic bottles from the home)
http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=97bf71a8f3916b2a41688810f62d15ff

PCOS in Japan-Glucose intolerance due to Obesity, not endocrine/immune system. (Evidence that their PCOS might be caused by exposure to xeno-estrogens since they drink no fluoride and eat a diet high in iodine/glycotoxins)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/hvw87n2q303560m6/

Endocrine or thyroid disruptors are everywhere. These are cited to inhibit the absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland which is being cited not just for PCOS and ovarian cancer, but fibrocysts and breast cancers as well. Japan eats a high anti-oxidant diet, 12-14 mg of iodine/day and they don't put fluoride or chemicals in their water. They have the lowest rates of cancer in the world. Here 1 out of 7 women are getting breast cancer and PCOS is rather common.

Fluoride and Bromide are both halogens that interrupt the absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism and complications such as auto-immune and endocrine disorders.

Fluoride is found in our tap water.

Bromide is used in breads.

http://www.iodine4health.com/special/halogens/pavelka_halogens.htm

http://thyroid.about.com/od/thyroidbasicsthyroid101/ss/preventthyroid_7.htm

Food grade Boron does detox fluoride from our system. They’re found in certain multi-vitamins. I had a hard time finding supplements in Vitamin stores though.

Fluoride is in our tap water. There is a handful of nasty politics involving Edward Bernays and the American Dental Association who argue that swallowing fluoride is good for the teeth. Edward Bernays is the “Father of Spin” who got the government to believe that ingesting fluoride is good for our teeth; while the ADA has bribed cities to put fluoride into our cities’ tap water.


The truth is that Alcoa (and other companies) figured it would be cheaper to just dump this stuff into our water supply instead of cleaning it up.

On Edward Bernays

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4612464

The ADA’s argument in favor of fluoride in our water.

http://www.ada.org/2467.aspx

Not only do we get fluoride in our tap water; a few institutions including the DOD, airplane companies and defense contractors thought it would be a good idea to put rocket fuel byproducts, aka. Perchlorate into our tap water as well! You would never believe this, but perchlorate too is an endocrine disruptor!

They dumped it into our tap water because it was cheaper to do so than to clean it up.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703960804576120020625251558.htmlj

http://thyroid.about.com/od/toxictriggers/a/cdcperchlorate.html

It's going to cost the system a lot more to provide healthcare for the issues thyroid/iodine disruptors cause the public, including reproductive issues, mental handicaps, diabetes II and cancer. Where is Erin Brockovich when you need her?

Note for women trying to conceive: if you’re in pain, your body is telling you that something is wrong. Iodine deficient babies are at risk for conditions such as autism and mental handicaps. I question doctors that pimp pregnancy as a cure for PCOS.

Just because some of us are not trying to conceive at this point doesn't mean we should ignore this.

Here's an article revealing a study of all of the synthetic chemicals found in a pregnant woman's body:

Analyzing data for 163 chemicals, researchers detected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), phenols, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and perchlorate in 99 to 100 percent of pregnant women. Among the chemicals found in the study group were PBDEs, compounds used as flame retardants now banned in many states including California, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDT), an organochlorine pesticide banned in the United States in 1972.

Bisphenol A (BPA), which makes plastic hard and clear, and is found in epoxy resins that are used to line the inside of metal food and beverage cans, was identified in 96 percent of the women surveyed. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been linked to adverse health outcomes, affecting brain development and increasing susceptibility to cancer later in life, according to the researchers.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110114081653.htm

http://www.foodconsumer.org/newsite/Non-food/Environment/chemicals_pregnancies_0205110834.html

http://voices.washingtonpost.com/checkup/2011/01/httpwwwcdcgovncbdddbd.html

Now lets revisit what Iodine does for the body:

Iodine is utilized by every hormone receptor in the body. The absence of iodine causes a hormonal dysfunction that can be seen with practically every hormone inside the body. Dr. Flechas has recently been able to show that patients with insulin resistant diabetes have a partial to full remission of their illness in the presence of taking iodine. Iodine deficiency is also felt to be the source of ovarian cysts. With iodine replacement therapy the cysts disappear and women have stopped having ovarian cysts. http://www.cancercontrolsociety.com/bio2005/flechas.html

Ovaries concentrate iodine and have NIS symporters. Ovarian iodide uptake varies with sexual activities and is enhanced by estrogens. Iodine deficiency is related to ovarian cysts and ovarian cancer.

http://www.iodine4health.com/body/body.htm

Long-term iodine deficiency is a risk factor for hypothyroidism, malignant thyroid cancer, fibrocystic breast disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer.

http://www.drgregemerson.com/fact-file/iodine-thyroid-and-cancer

It's said that ovaries and breasts consume more iodine to act as a buffer to the growth stimulating effects of estrogen and as a proper estrogen metabolism.

TH is sensitive to the levels of other hormones besides TSH. Estrogen partially blocks the efficiency of TH, so women compensate by producing more TH than men. This may be why women have larger thyroids than men and are more prone to thyroid disease of all types. Women who take TH replacement pills must increase their TH dosage if they start taking birth control pills, to compensate for the higher levels of estrogen from birth control pills. Growth hormone also partially blocks TH, but it also complements TH in its effects on growth, development, and metabolism.

...Thyroid disease affects 8 times as many women as men, possibly because women need higher levels of TH than men do...

...The link between high cholesterol and underlying hypothyroidism is vastly overlooked, even though cholesterol's role in heart disease is heavily publicized. People have their cholesterol tested more regularly than their thyroid hormone levels. The result is prescriptions for expensive cholesterol-lowering drugs that don't address the real problem. People diagnosed with high cholesterol, especially those with low body temperature, should have their thyroid function tested before they begin taking such drugs. Also, smokers and other substance abusers should be watched for hypothyroidism (and urged to quit), as stimulants and depressants both can affect TH metabolism." http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/thyroid/overview.php
The FDA doesn't take that into account when they determine the required minimum standard for iodone consumption. (as always, iodine can't work by itself so don't forget to get your Vitamin D and other round of vitamins and minerals).

Iodine can be concentrated in the ovaries, and Russian studies done some years ago showed a relationship between iodine deficiency and the presence of cysts in the ovaries. The greater the iodine deficiency, the more ovarian cysts a woman produces. In its extreme form, this condition is known as polycystic ovarian disease."http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2007/01/31/consequences_of_iodine_deficiency.htm

Food is medicine. Low Glycemic Index? Anti-inflammatory diet?

I'm in favor of the Anti-inflammatory diet. Lowering your glycemic index does help with weight management but it won't prevent cysts. (my glucose level was at 86 when my last cyst ruptured, insulin resistance is only a symptom of estrogen dominance, not the cause.)

The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system. The only known function of the thymus is the production and "education" of T-lymphocytes (T cells), which are critical cells of the adaptive immune system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19450261?ordinalpos=7&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
There is a relationship that the "experts are not sure of" between hypothyroidism and autoimmune disease.

http://pcossurvivor.blogspot.com/2011/03/inflammation-auto-immune-its-those-darn.html
First of all, since PCOS victims have trouble managing weight the first advice I really want to give is to lose every drop of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and white starches in the diet. Whole grain low glycemic starches are fine.



Here is a list of foods without high fructose corn syrup.
Be forewarned that not all Orowheat breads are made without the "Corn Syrup".
They say it's okay to have 20 grams of this? But everything has HFCS in it. So it's too easy to overstep your limits without getting your vitamins and minerals. It's not too easy in a world so dependent on convenience.

When dieting for PCOS, you will hear a few variations of the same themes.


Heard on the street are "Eat like a diabetic". Or "eat like a Jewish woman" (avoiding xenoestrogens in dairy and cheese; which in the Jewish culture are forbidden to eat together). Others will say, "eat anti-oxidants". I'm part asian. Many asian diets are high in anti-oxidants.

And everyone but me is on Metformin to lose weight.
Just a little bit about Metformin.
It only temporarily speeds up the metabolism.
Not everyone tolerates it. But it can help some people. Temporarily.

Truth be told, any of these ideas will improve your situation. Everybody is different and needs to make their own choices to accomidate their own lifestyle.

I prefer the raw food/anti-inflammatory diet (http://www.level1diet.com) diet to the GI diet for three reasons. The first, I want to avoid synthetic sugars and processed foods. I also want to avoid mutated proteins and carbs for anti-glycation purposes. Everyone on the raw food diet has great skin because of the anti-glycation effects.
The last reason, what sold me is the fact that I don't cook. I can pull flavors together but I'm not that girl who enjoys spending hours in the kitchen preparing anything. Honestly, I'm really freakin' lazy and I hate fighting with other people for the kitchen. And I can't stand standing over a hot stove.
I don't have a huge appitite right now so I'm also prioritizing nutrition/calorie. I'm slamming vitamins like crazy to keep my bases covered, but I want as many good things in my food for every bite.

Those are my reasons. Everyone has their own.

I have a friend who knocked out her auto-immune symptoms by fixing her diet. Since PCOS is a complication of auto-immune issues for a lot of women, this might help.


Here's what she wrote on her Facebook page:

"Ok, I took the 'body type diet' and made it to 3 meals instead of 6 a day. It is lots of spinach salads with grilled chicken/fish/steak or pot roast. You can have cheese as long as you can handle dairy and I eat baked potato for dinner, religiously follow this through the week. Oh and egg white with spinach omelette's in the morning. Snacks can be any fruit or veggie, just NO processed foods at all. You can have black coffee or tea, no sugars either. I do use lemon pepper spice and salt. I was anal about this for 2 mos then slowly on weekends allowed myself a meal out with some wine. And you will not miss the bread or processed foods at all, you won't even want them. If this is not enough food then break it into 6 meals a day....it is foods full of vitamin a and d (also take a d supplement and used to take follic acid). I did it before my diagnosis and it cleared my skin so that is why I did it before my surgery and now almost 1 year med free. And spinach should be organic (I buy the big tubs at kroger for $5 each, it will last you 4 days), if you have to pick and choose what you eat that is organic leafy greens should always be what you buy organic bc they hold water in them and store pesticides....so anyway let me know how it goes. You will feel so much better!!"


On another note, some have had luck by eliminating wheat gluten out of their system. Which makes sense since gluten intolerance is a symptom of Auto-immune disorder.
http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/10928/1/Autoimmune-Disorder-of-Gluten-Intolerance.html
http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/celiac-disease/features/gluten-intolerance-against-grain
http://www.celiac.com/




THE LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET.
"The glycemic index or GI describes this difference by ranking carbohydrates according to their effect on our blood glucose levels."
www.glycemicindex.com


Here is a list of foods and their Low Glycemic ratings per South Beach.
http://www.southbeach-diet-plan.com/glycemicfoodchart.htm


Back to vitamins. In contrast to the FDA's ASSUMPTIONS (to ASSUME is to make an ASS out of U and ME), we "have enough iodine" in our diets.

Iodine and PCOS (here is the link for the source)


Breast cancer and ovarian cancer are linked to hormonal imbalance, which comes from metabolic issues. The metabolism is carried out by the thyroid gland, and it needs it's iodine in order to function.

‎"What if there was one nutrient which...?

1. Desensitized estrogen receptors in the breast.

2. *REDUCED ESTROGEN PRODUCTION IN OVERACTIVE OVARIES.*.

3. Reduced fibrocystic breast disease which often precedes
breast cancer.

4. Caused cancer cell death, slowed down cell division and
reduced blood vessel growth to tumors.

5. Caused more cell death than the chemo drug, Fluorouracil .

6. Prevented rats from getting cancer when they were fed the breast
cancer causing toxin DMBA."
http://breastcancerchoices.org/iodine.html

http://iodine4health.com/special/halogens/halogens.htm

---the answer could very well be in the problem.
Orthoiodosupplementation: Iodine sufficiency of the whole human Guy. E. Abraham M.D.1, Jorge D. Flechas M.D.2 and John C. Hakala R.Ph.Our preliminary experience with I supplementation at 12.5 mg/day. Our findings in 3 patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) confirmed the positive response observed following supplementation with 10 to 20 mg of potassium iodide by Russian investigators 40 years ago (62). Prior to I supplementation, those PCOS patients were olygomenorrheic, menstruating one or twice a year. Following I supplementation for 3 months, they resumed normal monthly cycles.

http://www.optimox.com/pics/Iodine/pdfs/IOD02.pdf

Orthoiodosupplementation in a Primary Care Practice Jorge D. Flechas, M.D.
Iodine deficiency may cause the ovaries to develop cysts , nodules and scar tissue. At its worse this ovarian pathology is very similar to that of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). As of the writing of this article I have five PCOS patients. The patients have successfully been brought under control with the use of 50 mg of iodine per day. Control with these patients meaning cysts are gone, periods every 28 days and type 2 diabetes mellitus under control.

http://optimox.com/pics/Iodine/opt_Research_I.shtml
http://optimox.com/pics/Iodine/IOD-10/IOD_10.htm
(36) http://cypress.he.net/~bigmacnc/drflechas/index.htm
HelpMyThyroid, George Flechas MD web site"


http://www.hacres.com/diet/articles/Iodine.pdf[/url]
http://www.iodine4health.com/body/ov...as_ovaries.htm[/url]
http://www.hacres[/url]. com/diet/ articles/ Iodine.pdf
http://iodine4health.com/ortho/flechas_ortho.htm[/url]

radio links on iodine deficiency in the US.
http://www.vickeryseaplantminerals.com/Page.html
http://www.iodine4health.com/basic/iodinegroup.htm

"Other treatable causes of anovulation

1) Low thyroid function (hypothyroid) causes menstrual irregularity, anovulation and infertility. Ovulation and fertility is restored by thyroid medication. Ovarian cysts also resolve.

2) Vitamin D deficiency is associated with anovulation. Resolves with Vitamin D.

3) Iodine deficiency causes ovarian cysts and anovulation, reversed by iodine supplementation."

http://jeffreydach.com/2008/02/13/understanding-pcos-the-hidden-epidemic-by-jeffrey-dach-md.aspx

"the recommended dosage is 12.5-50 mg/day- in fish, seaweed, DAIRY...Americans consume an average 240 micrograms (µg) of iodine a day.
" It removes toxic chemicals — fluoride, bromide, lead, aluminum, mercury — and biological toxins, suppresses auto-immunity, strengthens the T-cell adaptive immune system, and protects against abnormal growth of bacteria in the stomach."

http://www.lewrockwell.com/miller/miller20.html

Thoughts about diet and the environment as to why we are iodine deficient:
http://www.fertilethoughts.com/forums/pcos-diabetes/506126-dr-flechas-research-linking-iodine-deficiency-pcos-ir-hypothyroidism.html

But Iodine can't work all by itself. Let's compare nutrition to house construction. The house is a metaphor for metabolism.

Mr. Iodine is the construction worker. He knows how to build a house. But he needs materials and tools to work with. His materials are Magnesium, Vit D&E, Selenium, Vit A (beta-carotine), B Vitamins, potassium, Omega 3, Amino Acids, Anti-glycating supplements: alpha lipoic acid, benfotiamine, and carnosine; and Anti-oxidant supplements: L-carnitine, Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10)...basically a good multivitamin to aid the iodine.

Other minerals that help are Boron (Boron detoxes the body of fluoride, a huge Iodine inhibitor), Carnosine, L-carnotine, ALA and anti-oxidants such as Lutein. But Mr. Potassium Iodine can't work without his tools Iodide and L-Tyrosine.

But you really want to pay attention to something. Iodine is a halogen. Fluoride and Bromide are both halogens. When you ingest fluoride and bromine, your thyroid gets confused and absorbs either fluoride or bromine instead of the iodine. Not only are fluoride and bromide problems, so is perchlorate.

Perchlorate is a regulated drinking water contaminant in California, with a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 6 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The MCL became effective October 2007. For information provided to public water systems by the CDPH Drinking Water Program about the implementation of the MCL and the scheduling of monitoring, see links at the bottom of this page.

Perchlorate and its salts are used in solid propellant for rockets, missiles, and fireworks, and elsewhere (e.g., production of matches, flares, pyrotechnics, ordnance, and explosives). Their use can lead to releases of perchlorate into the environment. Perchlorate's interference with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland can decrease production of thyroid hormones, which are needed for prenatal and postnatal growth and development, as well as for normal metabolism and mental function in the adult. Its effects on the thyroid gland are the basis of the 6-µg/L public health goal (PHG) established in 2004 by Cal/EPA's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. (PHGs contribute to the development of MCLs, as described here.) In January 2011, OEHHA released a draft technical support document for a 1-µg/L PHG for perchlorate.


So how did fluoride and perchlorate get into the tap water? Good question! Well, according to Edward Bernays (the "Father of Spin"), contaminating our water with fluoride keeps our teeth healthy, although legitimate scientific reviews are on the fence about that. Alcoa and aluminum plants kind of used the American Dental association to BRIBE cities to let them contaminate our water with fluoride because they're too cheap to dispose of it in a less dangerous manner. We can thank Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Aerojet, Kerr-McGee, McDonell Douglass and the DOD. It was kind of rude of them not to even warn us about the possible dangers of consuming this krap. They kind of owe us reverse osmosis filters and compensation for our medical bills for painful iodine deficiency complications.

The geniuses at the FDA created guidelines for thyroid consumption.


Birth through 1 mo. - 16 mg.
1 mo. through 3 yrs. - 32 mg.
3 yrs through 18 yrs. - 65 mg. (Adolescents>150 pounds should take adult dose.)

http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/EmergencyPreparedness/BioterrorismandDrugPreparedness/ucm072265.htm

Oh wait, that's for a biological attack by domestic polluters.


The daily requirement of iodine for an adult is 150 micrograms.

Pregnant women and lactating mothers however, need more iodine

(200 micrograms on average).

http://www.iqplusin.org/downloads/20_frequently_asked_questions_on_iodine_deficiency_disorders.pdf


And we get it from salt. But with iodine blockers, it's too easy to see why we are iodine deficient!


How can you avoid the poisons fluoride and perchlorates? Reverse osmosis filter to filter your tap or with bottled water that has been purified through reverse osmosis. Don't use tap water for cooking, etc. Just avoid it altogether.

On the other poison bromate:

Bromates have been banned in numerous countries, including the United Kingdom in 1990 and Canada in 1994. In addition, in 1991, California declared bromate a carcinogen under the state’s Proposition 65. Baked goods sold in California would have to bear a cancer warning if they contained more than a certain level of bromate. As a result, most California bakers have switched to bromate-free processes.

Many bakers, including Best Foods, Inc. (maker of Arnold, Entenmann’s, and Orowheat brand breads and rolls), Pepperidge Farm, and Pillsbury, have switched to bromate-free processes. Also, some supermarket chains, including Giant, Jewel, Ralph’s, and Von’s, do not use bromate.

In contrast, Interstate Brands Corp. (Wonder, Home Pride), Schmidt Baking Co. (Schmidt, Sunbeam), Tasty Baking Co. (TastyKake), and Martin’s still use potassium bromate in some of their products. Among fast-food chains, Burger King, Arby’s, and Wendy’s use bromate in buns, and Boston Market uses it in its french sandwich bread.

CSPI advises consumers to avoid bread, rolls, doughnuts, and cakes that list “potassium bromate” or “bromated flour” among their ingredients. FDA’s limited surveys found that rolls and buns are especially likely to contain high levels of bromate.




Here is the argument citing glycation as a cause for PCOS. This article also sold me on the Level 1 diet/raw food diet:

"And just to be on the safe side (in case those glycated foods really are harmful), change your cooking methods, especially when it comes to protein sources. Try stewing, steaming and slow-roasting in a low temperature oven, dutch oven, or crock pot. Slow cooking, especially with moisture present, keeps exogenous glycation to a minimum. Avoid fried, seared, and french-fried foods cooked quickly and at high temperatures."

http://web.mac.com/catherinehaug/iWeb/Health-Disease/Glycation.html

To get into this bit, here are some neat nutrition tricks.

"Vit E fights Free Radicals –super oxide radical hydroxlyl radical chan breaking agent in prop phase of lipid peroxidation

COQ10-blocks initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation

Vit C and COQ10- can recycle Vit E

Vit C and BetaCarotine-blocks free radicals within watery cells (cytosol) and inspace out of the cell

Glutathione (selenium)- recycles Vit C"

http://www.amazon.com/Excitotoxins-Taste-Russell-L-Blaylock/dp/0929173252

Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills [Paperback]vRussell L. Blaylo


Others:
http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/rate.cgi?msg=28711
http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=28711

Links to get started on the Raw Food diet

http://www.GoSuperLife.com/
http://www.AniPhyo.com
http://oneluckyduck.com
http://purefoodandwine.com
http://www.alissacohen.com/
http://store.rawreform.com/rawreform2.php
http://kristensraw.blogspot.com/
http://kristensraw.com/about.php
http://www.giveittomeraw.com/profile/rubyvroom
http://theveganmuse.com/blog/?cat=8
http://www.rawguru.com/i32.html
http://web.mac.com/catherinehaug/iWeb/Health-Disease/Glycation.html
http://www.level1diet.com
http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=28711


Other resources on nutrition:
http://www.treelight.com/health/nutrition/KimchiHealthy.html


MY FAVORITE PLACES TO EAT OUT: (so far-will update list)
http://www.fitritioncafe.com/Homepage.html
http://sanfrancisco.citysearch.com/profile/41727505/san_francisco_ca/julie_s_kitchen.html

NUTRITIONAL SOURCE:
http://nutritiondata.self.com/
http://www.ctds.info/5_13_magnesium.html#magnesium_allergies
http://www.vitaminsdiary.com/minerals/boron.htm (might contain malware-be careful)


on cooking
http://www.julieskitchen.com/tips.asp

So what is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

This site spelled it out the best:

What is Polycystic Ovaries
Understanding PCOS is easier if one tries to picture what goes on inside our ovaries every month.

Each month the ovaries begin to ripen a number of follicles. You may be surprised to hear that normal follicles are cysts, in that they are pockets of tissue filled with benign fluid and hormones, mostly estrogen. The number of immature follicles changes with each cycle — but during normal times, one or two follicles grow stronger than the others and produce an egg. When you ovulate, the egg in the dominant follicle pops out and is taken into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized, on its way to the uterus. This event is caused by and in turn triggers a host of hormonal secretions, including estrogen and progesterone, which work together to prepare the body to support a pregnancy if the egg is fertilized or a normal monthly period if it is not.

Polycystic ovaries

With PCOS, alterations in a woman’s hormonal pathways cause her ovaries to create a lot of follicles that form on the ovaries. The outer layer of the ovary (cortex) becomes thickened and the egg has difficulty breaking through. No single follicle becomes dominant and ovulation can’t occur.

For the most part, these multiple ovarian cysts are not dangerous in themselves — unlike larger ovarian cysts, which can cause pain and rupture. But they do bring with them a range of uncomfortable side effects. Because a woman with PCOS doesn’t ovulate, her natural sequence of hormonal events gets interrupted, her levels of estrogen and androgens (testosterone and DHEA) remain high, and her body reacts with symptoms of estrogen and androgen excess as noted below.

What are the symptoms of PCOS?

The most common symptoms of PCOS are irregular or absent periods, infertility, increased hair growth and acne. Unusual weight gain, even with dieting or increased exercise, is very common, although thin women also can have PCOS. Women with PCOS will often go for months without a period and then start bleeding heavily for days. This occurs when the uterine lining has gotten too thick and the body must naturally shed it. Because PCOS disrupts ovulation it can be very difficult to become pregnant.

Other signs of PCOS include acne, high blood pressure, obesity, and abnormal facial and body hair growth (due to too much testosterone). One of the less recognizable symptoms of PCOS is depression, which can be misread as a bipolar illness. In many cases this may result from lack of progesterone, which is a natural antidepressant. While depression stems from many factors, we think it is always a good idea to consider PCOS if patients have other symptoms. In some medical practices antidepressants are prescribed which do not alleviate the underlying issues and therefore are not very helpful. It is important to rule out other causes of these symptoms, particularly adrenal disease and thyroid disease.

PCOS and insulin resistance

Another telltale symptom of PCOS is steady, significant weight gain — even with reduced caloric intake. Some women report that they’re gaining weight no matter what they do. It’s not unusual for patients with PCOS to tell me they’ve recently gained 60 or more pounds in less than a year, despite dieting all the time and exercise. This weight usually accumulates around their middle. Why do some women with PCOS gain weight at such alarming rates? The research is showing that PCOS is strongly linked with insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance, a condition some people get by eating too many carbohydrates, leads to sustained high levels of insulin in the bloodstream. It is possible that this extra insulin hitches onto the receptors lining the ovary and stimulates cyst production. This is an issue that should be monitored because women with insulin resistance have a much higher risk of developing other serious health problems, like diabetes, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome.

Insulin resistance can be treated with a variety of modifications including diet/nutritional, nutrients that improve insulin function, Omega 3’s (EPA/DHA), proper hormone balancing especially with bioidentical progesterone (avoid synthetic, non-bioidentical pharmaceutical drugs) and iodine, if deficient.

PCOS and Iodine Deficiency

Iodine deficiency has recently been suggested as a possible factor in the development of PCOS. In fact, the ovary has the highest concentration of iodine, second only to the thyroid. As mentioned above, patients with PCOS may have insulin resistance. Iodine also plays a critical role in insulin function, which may help to explain the insulin resistance often seen with PCOS. A simply test (Iodine stimulation test) for iodine deficiency can be performed to determine if you are iodine deficient. An iodine load is administered and the urine is collected for 24 hours. If you are iodine deficient, you body will excrete very little iodine. If you have plenty of iodine, you will excrete most of the iodine and we will see a large amount in the urine.


http://www.monacocenter.net/w_polycystic.html

Tips on Exercise



Part of the PCOS regimen is exercise. Many women with PCOS are insulin resistant, overweight, with high triglycerides with a risk for diabetes II. Basically we’re suffering from the adverse effects of hypothyroidism. So in order to keep our weight down and stay healthy otherwise, we probably need the exercise more than anyone else.



I’m a distance runner. Because of my condition, no I can’t run a marathon yet. But that’s one of my goals. I ran and swam when I was growing up; I’ve worked with coaches and kept up my habits.

The hardest obstacle for anyone is to get started, especially if you haven’t worked out in a while.

First of all, diet makes a bigger impact than exercise so we can’t eat 20 cookies thinking that it’s okay because we work out. It’s actually in the athlete’s best interest to remain thin, fat cells are harder to burn off than the calories you already ingested. This is an interesting topic because our goal is to burn the fat. Since we’re either losing or maintaining our weight (and not racing)- we want to “hit the wall”.



Basically,
“hitting the wall” “means the runner has burned up all of the carbohydrates stored in his liver and leg muscles, forcing him to slow down dramatically as the body starts to burn fat”.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/10/21/us-marathon-idUSTRE69K5FZ20101021



This is considered inefficient for athletes during competition, especially extreme distance runners because the body requires a lot more oxygen to burn the fat than you did when you were burning carbs stored in your liver. The measurement of the oxygen needed is called a VO2Max.

Per the article,
“Aerobic capacity, also known as VO2max, is a measure of how much oxygen the body can transport to the muscles and consume during aerobic exercise.

Measuring exact VO2max requires a treadmill stress test at maximum effort, but an informal way to estimate aerobic capacity is to divide your maximum heart rate by your resting heart rate and multiply by 15, Rapoport said. To find your maximum heart rate, simply subtract your age in years from 220 beats per minute”


Because many women with PCOS have hypothyroidism, our VO2Max is going to be low. We need our thyroids and metabolism to work so our bodies can more easily oxidize the fat. So yes, your diet is more important than just “burning calories”. I’m not sure that Metformin is going to do this for us. We need our Vitamins, Selenium, Iodine, Magnesium, Boron, etc. to keep our metabolism going and it’s important not to overeat. I’m also learning that fluoride and bromine are two halogens that interrupt iodine absorption and causes hypothyroidism. Fluoride is in our tap, it’s probably a good idea to stay away from both.

Why is this important? It's rather important to stay hydrated while working out and yes, personally I do drink a lot of water. It's not a good idea to ruin your efforts by ingesting something that's going to hinder our metabolism further.


“Thyroid Function: Fluoride exposure in humans is associated with elevated TSH concentrations, increased goiter prevalence, and altered T4 and T3 concentrations.(Page 262)”

(The thyroid effects are associated with average fluoride intakes that) will be reached by persons with average exposures at fluoride concentrations of 1-4 mg/L in drinking water, especially the children.” (Page 260)
http://journals.gagazine.com/nyscof/fluoride-damages-the-thyroid-study-reveals/


“Pavelka, et al, have studied the metabolism of bromide and its interference with the metabolism of iodine, by a decrease in iodide accumulation in the thyroid and skin (and in the mammary glands in lactating dams) and by a rise in iodide excretion by kidneys. They have also established the biological half-life of bromide in rats.”
“BEST (Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology) discusses the effects of fluoride on the endocrine system, as well as the health effects of perchlorate.”
http://www.iodine4health.com/special/halogens/halogens.htm

PCOS is treated like diabetes, but it’s also an immune disorder which comes from hypothyroidism.



As always, make sure a doctor is monitoring your progress with this syndrome; they may be quite resourceful on your dietary needs.


Here are some tips I have about exercise.

1. Consistency is the key. If you go once, you’re not going to see results. You have to go for a period of time. Many do 30 minutes to an hour, 4-5 times a week.

2. CONDITIONING. I learned this from my coach. In order to run long distances, you must first build up to it.

You're not going to run a marathon at Olympic speed the first time you go, it's better not to try.



Here's an idea on how to build up. If you're running, do a mile at first. Walk or jog it if you have to. When your body is comfortable with that, add another mile to your daily run. Then keep building up from there. Your body will know when it's capable of handling longer distances. If you experience any pain, stop.



This is the case with every physical activity you’ll ever do. You want to build up your lung, heart and muscles. If you race every time you run, if you work out hard every time you go to the gym- not only will you burn yourself out, but you’ll put your body into trauma. Sometimes it’s sore muscles, injuries…don’t overdo it at first.

In my case, I was running 8 miles a day for a 5K (3.1 mile) race. I didn’t race the 8 miles, I just ran it.

If you overdo it at first, you’re going to hate physical activity and stop doing it. We want consistency for weight management.




3. Choose a physical activity you enjoy. This will make it easier to be consistent with you exercise. I enjoy running. Others prefer P90X, dancing, cardiovascular kickboxing, yoga (not cardio though), walking, spinning, biking, hiking…

4. Have fun with it. Join a group whose doing the same thing you're doing. Get some cute workout gear. If you're running or biking, seek a path that you like (ie. the beach, a nice park). Run your dog if you enjoy that. The more you enjoy what you're doing, you're going to keep doing it. And that's the goal.



Here's something that helped me out. Although I'm not yet reliable enough to compete in a road race; I like to volunteer at them. I believe that being around a bunch of strong, healthy, active people (who demonstrate the feats that the human body is capable of) does something subliminally to encourage your body to get healthy and active. It's positive and you have an excuse to get outside. It's also helpful to be in the company of those who overcome physical obstacles to be their best. We have physical obstacles of our own to overcome.


We're humans, we're social animals. Its' instinct that we want to do what others are doing. Why not get the peer pressure from those who are fit, beautiful and accomplishing feats?





Where to shop for athletic gear (my favs):
Adidas.com
REI.com
http://athleta.gap.com/?tid=atfb1
http://www.lululemon.com/
Nordstrom Rack
http://www.gearjunkie.com


Other sites for athletes and anyone who wants to get active:
http://www.coolrunning.com/
http://www.runnersworld.com
http://www.active.com
www.activeendurance.com
http://www.ideafit.com/fitnessconnect
http://www.ideafit.com/
http://www.inneridea.com
http://www.balancedtriathloncoaching.com.au
http://www.balancedpersonaltraining.net
http://www.vibrancenutrition.com
http://www.IronGirl.com
http://runlikeamotherbook.com/
http://www.runtheplanet.com/
http://www.teampenguin.com/what_is_a_penguin.php


http://www.mapmyfitness.com/imapmy/

Sunday, February 20, 2011

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome/Endometriosis is an endocrine/immunity disorder. YES WE KNOW THE CAUSE.

The one myth that has irked me is when these "reputable" sources ie. WebMD says,
"there is no known cause".


My favorite is,

"there is no known cure".



A putative role for the thymus in estrogen-induced anovulation and follicular cyst formation (a model of PCOS) was examined in female mice by removing the gland prior to estrogen injection. Whereas all intact, female mice injected with 20 microg estrogen at 5-7 days of age had ovaries with follicular cysts, no cysts were observed in animals in which thymectomy at 3 days of age preceded estrogen injection. In fact, after restoring immune function by thymocyte replacement, the majority of thymectomized, estrogen-injected mice had ovaries with corpora lutea. Thus, when estrogen is unable to act on the thymus, ovulation occurs and follicular cysts do not develop. This implicates the thymus in the cysts' genesis and discounts the role of the hypothalamus.

The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system. The only known function of the thymus is the production and "education" of T-lymphocytes (T cells), which are critical cells of the adaptive immune system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19450261?ordinalpos=7&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum


HELLO!!! WE HAVE OUR CULPRIT.
THIS IS EVIDENCE THAT POLY-CYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME(and possibly Endometriosis)IS AN IMMUNE DISORDER!!!

(and no you can cure that will birth control pills either)

BULLSh*t there's "no known cause". All fingers point to iodine deficiencies and metabolic disturbances- which affects the immune system which affects the endocrine system. This same issue causes a bunch of cancers, etc.

Baloney Maloney.

We need to challenge the medical community, give them competition to provide good information. Good information and research is out there, it's up to us to take the initiative to find it. Do we accept band-aids or a cure? The market is good for birth control pills and diabetes drugs. It's up to us to determine their financial incentive.


Here's my collection: it's lengthy. This information is yours, FREE OF CHARGE. If you want to pursue any more studies, use this as a stepping stone.


IODINE and PCOS-

the recommended dosage is 12.5-50 mg/day- in fish, seaweed, DAIRY...Americans consume an average 240 micrograms (µg) of iodine a day.
" It removes toxic chemicals — fluoride, bromide, lead, aluminum, mercury — and biological toxins, suppresses auto-immunity, strengthens the T-cell adaptive immune system, and protects against abnormal growth of bacteria in the stomach."
http://www.lewrockwell.com/miller/miller20.html


"A study of female mice is suggesting that ovarian cysts may at least partially be the result of an immune system dysfunction. The gland involved is the thymus gland, which is responsible for the management of major aspects of your immune system. One of the functions of the thymus gland is to produce T-cells, which are white blood cells that help protect you from infection and also perform other important activities.
The researchers reported that ovarian cysts in the female mice did not develop unless there was an absence of regulatory T-cells."
http://www.ovarian-cysts-pcos.com/news81.html


Iodine deficiency may cause the ovaries to develop cysts , nodules and scar tissue. At its worse this ovarian pathology is very similar to that of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). As of the writing of this article I have five PCOS patients. The patients have successfully been brought under control with the use of 50 mg of iodine per day. Control with these patients meaning cysts are gone, periods every 28 days and type 2 diabetes mellitus under control.
http://www.optimox.com/pics/Iodine/IOD-10/IOD_10.htm


OK, enough credentials (don’t want people thinking I’m just making this stuff up!), on with my notes.

Though first, a quick science lesson – on the periodic table of elements, you’ll see a row that looks like this:

F (Fluorine)
Cl (Chlorine)
Br (Bromine)
I (Iodine)

These are the halogens. Dr. Flechas will mention Bromine/bromide, Chlorine/chloride and Fluorine/fluoride in his discussion of iodine. The following will help you understand the connection.

From http://www.doctorvickery.com/IODINE.cfm:

“...There are four halogens: iodine, bromine, fluorine and chlorine. Only iodine and chlorine are necessary to the body. We need iodine in all the aforementioned tissues ( Probably all tissues but it is concentrated here). We need chlorine in the stomach for secretion of hydrochloric acid. Chloride is also an important part of the blood’s regulation of its acid-base balance. You need chlorine to breathe.

“All these halogens use the same receptors in the body. Therefore if a person’s diet is deficient in iodine the iodine receptors in the thyroid and stomach, for example, may fill up with bromine which is common in grains, bleached flour, sodas, nuts and oils as well as several plant foods. Then the person’s thyroid function is deficient and the iodide-pump in the stomach will not work efficiently either. There has been research also done on the role of insufficient iodine and breast cancer and cysts in the ovaries and uterus. A person whose sweat glands are low in iodine will have dry skin. (It is important to note that the present “low salt” regimes leave us chloride deficient as well) Fluorine from sources such as toothpaste, certain teas, and fluoridated water will also take up receptor * Censor ** Censor ** Censor ** Censor ** Censor ** Censor ** Censor *

“Once this receptor space is taken up, my research shows me that it takes a certain level of iodine loading to replace the unwanted halogens with iodine, this seems to be especially so of bromine.”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------


Here are my notes. I've added a few comments which are marked this way: <<>>

* 84% of women have some kind of cyclical breast pain, which is related to fibrocystic breast disease and linked to iodine deficiency.

* Dr. Guy Abraham, an OB/GYN and iodine researcher, reports that iodine deficiency in the thyroid = cysts, nodules, scar tissue and goiter.

* Also, iodine deficiency in the breasts = cysts, nodules, scar tissue, enlargement and tenderness (fibrocystic breast disease (FBD)).
* New England Journal of Medicine, July 24, 2005 – women with FBD have a high rate of cancer.
* Breast tissue uses iodine as much or more than thyroid
* Iodine deficiency in the ovaries = ovarian cysts, PCOS.
* Absence of iodine in a tissue will eventually lead to cancer
* A women with hypothyroidism has a 6% chance of developing breast cancer. Once she starts taking thyroid hormone, it doubles her chances. Once she’s been on thyroid hormone replacement for 15 years, it more than triples it – 19.6% chance of developing breast cancer.
* Cities/counties/states with high rates of hypothyroidism also have high rates of breast cancer.
* Thyroid hormone inhibits the body’s ability to uptake iodine.
* RDA of iodine = how much to prevent goiter, not how much our body needs to be healthy.
* Iodine in the body is used as follows: 3% by the thyroid, 70% by muscles and fat, 20% by the skin, and 7% by the ovaries.
* Absence of iodine in tissue allows cysts to grow.
* In his practice, Dr. Flechas has had women with PCOS on iodine supplementation and has seen their cycles return to every 28 days. <<>>
* Absence of iodine in early pregnancy = ADD type symptoms in children
* Adequate amounts of iodine in early pregnancy and early childhood improves intelligence.
* In China, where there is fluoride in the water and the iodine levels are marginal, many babies born are cretin.
* In the U.S., iodine used to be in bread – 160 mcg of iodine per slice of bread. Now they use bromide. Not long after this change occurred, the incidence of breast cancer rose dramatically.
* Iodine used to be in milk, but is no longer.
* 50% of American women cook with salt that has no iodine. The Journal for the AMA recommends all physicians decrease their patients salt intake by 50%. Where are these patients supposed to get iodine?
* 25-30% of those who go senile do so due to lack of thyroid hormone which is due to a lack of iodine.
* Bromides are used to make beautiful-looking loaves of bread.
* Back in the 20's, Bromo-Seltzer was used to cure headaches and hangovers. Too much Bromo-Seltzer caused a buildup of bromide which resulted in paranoia and schizophrenia, which the doctors termed “Bromomania”.
* New England Journal of Medicine reported that from 1920 to 1960, 20% of the people admitted into psychiatric hospitals had acute paranoid psychosis (Bromomania) because of Bromo-Seltzer.
* At the time, physicians would wonder if an alcoholic was going through the DT's or if the symptoms were from Bromide poisoning.
* In 1964, the FDA was concerned, so Bromo-Seltzer left the market. But, that same year, bromide was included in another produce in the form of brominated vegetable oil – Mountain Dew. They use it to disperse the citric acid in citrus- flavored drinks. <<>>
* We’re getting Bromide in bread and soft drinks. Iodine and salt can help your body release the bromide.
* Dr. Flechas used his son as one of his research subjects while he was studying iodine supplementation. They were collecting his urine to study what was being released. They noticed ½" of brown sediment at the bottom of the container. It was tested at the lab – it was bromide. They tracked down the source to the Mountain Dew he drinks.
* When bromide combines with a liquid oil, it turns it into a solid. Kids/Adults with morbid obesity can’t get rid of fat due to the tremendous amounts of bromide. <<>>
* Bromide depresses the central nervous system. They load Mtn. Dew with caffeine to make up for that effect. <<>>
* <<< I can’t remember if this is from him or if it was my thought – Bromomania is bromide poisoning which produces paranoia and schizophrenia. Mtn. Dew fills kids with bromide. Many kids drink 5 or more Mtn. Dews each day. Could this be part of the problem with the amount of paranoia in schools – the paranoia that leads to voilence and shootings??>>>
* In 2000, the Brazilian government outlawed bromine in flour.
* Bromide is injected into soil and sprayed on some fruits and veggies since it makes a great pesticide. Fluoride is also used as an insecticide and pesticide.
* In China they have found that no geniuses come from areas with fluoridated water. Many are of substandard intelligence.
* Average American gets 138 mcg (micrograms) of iodine each day. Your body can utilize 9-10 mg (milligrams) per day. 1 mg = 1000 mcg 9 mg = 9000 mcg
* PCOS = increased risk for ovarian cancer in your 40s and 50s.
* 20% iodine sits in the skin – helps the body sweat. If you don’t sweat, you may be iodine deficient.
* Japan has the lowest amount of cancer in the world, even though they’ve been bombed twice with nuclear bombs. Because they eat so much seaweed, they get the highest doses of iodine of any country. Chernobyl also had a nuclear disaster. The people there developed a lot of cancer.
* Iodine kicks the bromide out of the cells, and it ends up in the kidneys. Chloride (from salt) pushes it from the kidneys into the urine.
* In the 1920s, people were given 50 - 150 mg of iodine each day for goiter.
* For those coming to his clinic with PCOS, insulin resistance and diabetes, he’s put them on 50mg of iodine/day in the form of Iodoral. It has both iodine and iodide. Some tissues want only one or the other. Breasts like both iodine and iodide.
* One very cool example he gave is of a woman with diabetes. She arrived at the ER with very high blood sugar. They put her on insulin. When she came back 2 weeks later, to the clinic, he also put her on Iodoral because she has fibrocystic breast disease. Within a few weeks, she was complaining of hypoglycemic symptoms, and Dr. Flechas told her to reduce her insulin. Two or three months after that initial ER visit, she came in for her checkup. Her ave. bloodsugar was 98. And she had not injected any insulin for a couple weeks because of the hypoglycemic symptoms – she has slowly weaned off all insulin.
* 90% of all diabetics make insulin – they just can’t utilize it. Iodine helps the receptors work better.
* FSH/LH receptors are also helped by iodine. He mentioned that patients who aren’t having periods began having regular cycles again. <<>>
* The amino acid Histadine is the pre-cursor to Histamine (which triggers allergy symptoms like itchy, runny nose and eyes). Iodine inhibits the conversion from histadine to histamine – so it's a natural antihistamine.
* Those put on thyroid hormone may still suffer with 90% of their symptoms. For many, they have the thyroid hormone already, the problem is with the receptors <<>>.
* Neuro-hormones in the brain also benefit from iodine. Within days, some people with depression find relief.
* Dr. St. Georgie (discoverer of Vit. C.) reported that based on researchers over 100 years (1850 to 1950), the average human needs 62 mg of iodine/day.
* Dr. Flechas has been supplementing with iodine for a number of years now. It took him a year to come off his thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism.
* Less than ½ of 1% of the population is allergic to iodine.
* You can get an iodine loading test done to determine your level of deficiency.
http://www.fertilethoughts.com/forums/pcos-diabetes/506126-dr-flechas-research-linking-iodine-deficiency-pcos-ir-hypothyroidism.html



17-hydroxyprogesterone
The most common biochemical abnormality in women with PCOSis hypersecretion of androgens. The increased steroidogenic activ-ity is due to increased 3α-HSD and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyaseactivities (Nelson et al., 1999; Nelson et al., 2001).
Northern blotanalysis revealed that cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase (CYP17) and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavageenzyme (CYP11A) mRNAs were more abundant in PCOS thecacells than in normal ones.
In addition, transient transfection exper-iments indicated that the CYP17 promoter is enhanced in PCOStheca cells compared to normal theca cells (Wickenheisser et al.,2000). The up-regulation of steroidogenesis in PCOS the ca cell suggests the presence of an intrinsic defect in the metabolic path-ways of the cells responsible for androgen production independ-ently of environmental and neuroregulatory factors. However, theca cell studies have been performed only on classical PCOS phenotype with hyperandrogenemia and there is no information if all subtypes of theca cells present a steroidogenic defect. Additional studies on theca cells isolated from different PCOS phenotypes will provide valuable information.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7269904/PCOSObesity-Genetics-Pcos-HRU


17α-hydroxylase (or CYP17A1) is an enzyme in steroidogenesis, where it converts pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17-hydroxy forms.
The enzyme itself is attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the steroid-producing cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads. CYP17A1 functions as both a 17α-hydroxylase and a 17,20-lyase. The dual activities mediate three key transformations in cortisol and sex steroid synthesis:
• As 17α-hydroxylase it mediates pregnenolone → 17-hydroxypregnenolone
• and progesterone → 17-hydroxyprogesterone.
• As 17,20-lyase it mediates 17-hydroxypregnenolone → DHEA.
• An expected second 17,20-lyase reaction (17-hydroxyprogesterone → androstenedione) is mediated so inefficiently in humans as to be of no known significance.
• Effects of impaired sex steroid synthesis in 17α-hydroxylase deficient CAH
• Genetic XX females affected by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency are born with normal female internal and external anatomy. At the expected time of puberty, neither the adrenals nor the ovaries can produce sex steroids, so neither breast development nor pubic hair appear. Investigation of delayed puberty yields elevated gonadotropins and normal karyotype, while imaging confirms the presence of ovaries and an infantile uterus. http://www.websters-dictionary-online.com/definitions/Congenital+adrenal+hyperplasia+due+to+17+alpha-hydroxylase+deficiency?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744:v0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID:9&ie=UTF-8&q=Congenital+adrenal+hyperplasia+due+to+17+alpha-hydroxylase+deficiency&sa=Search#906




In female rats, diet enriched in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been associated with increased serum testosterone levels and deposition of dietary glycotoxins in ovarian tissue.
Women with PCOS present increased serum AGE levels, which are acutely elevated after intake of a single meal high in AGE content. In this study the effects of a hypocaloric diet and an AGE-enriched hypocaloric diet were investigated, on the endocrine and metabolic profile of PCOS women.
Eleven women with PCOS, defined by Rotterdam criteria, were assigned for two months to a hypocaloric regular diet followed by two months of a hypocaloric AGE-enriched diet. At the end of each period endocrine parameters were determined.
PCOS women on hypocaloric diet showed a significant reduction on BMI (P=0.0276), which was followed by a significant reduction on HOMA (P=0.0035), but not significant changes on AGEs (P=0.6073) or Testosterone concentrations (P=0.7857). In post hypocaloric-AGE-enriched diet, without significant changes in BMI (P=0.29) and HOMA (P=0.1560), testosterone levels (P=0.0007) were increased in comparison to their status during hypocaloric diet and to baseline. Additionally, the difference of AGEs levels from hypocaloric diet to high AGEs diet were significantly higher (P=0.0312).
Increased dietary intake of AGEs in hypocaloric diet is associated with significant increases in androgen levels, contributing to abnormal hormonal profile in women with PCOS. Since in the ovarian compartments from polycystic ovarian tissue the AGE and their receptor RAGE have been determined immunochemically, the role of dietary AGEs in PCOS needs to be explored
http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0016/ea0016p171.htm


"Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are highly reactive molecules, formed by nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which may induce structural and vascular change" (fast food-precooked foods)

"In conclusion, it is demonstrated that excess dietary glycotoxins in experimental animals appeared to be accumulated in the ovarian tissues and are also associated with metabolic and hormonal alterations.”
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g872k677v1114520/
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169805.php


Nonenzymatic advanced glycation and oxidation end-products, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), impart a potent impact on vessels and other tissues in diabetic state and in euglycaemic conditions with increased oxidative stress. Insulin resistant (IR) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women, have elevated serum AGEs, increased receptor (RAGE) expression, and increased deposition with differential localization in the polycystic ovarian tissue (theca and granulosa) compared to normal.
CONCLUSIONS: In PCOS, serum AGEs are distinctly elevated compared with women having the isolated characteristics of the syndrome. No difference was observed between PCOS subphenotypes. As chronic inflammation and increased oxidant stress have been incriminated in the pathophysiology of PCOS, the role of AGEs as inflammatory and oxidant mediators, may be linked with the metabolic and reproductive abnormalities of the syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18363886


The Endos and glycotoxins http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088375

AGEs are harmful substances that are abundant in Western diets, and proliferate when foods are heated, pasteurized, dried, smoked, fried or grilled. Once absorbed in the body, AGEs adhere to tissues and oxidize them, causing inflammation which in turn can lead to disease. Numerous animal studies conducted by Dr. Vlassara and her team have shown that oxidative stress from high oxidant levels and inflammation related to long-term exposure to AGEs may increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease and other chronic conditions.
For the study, a subset of 40 healthy participants who were either between the ages or 18 and 45 or older than 60, and another nine patients with kidney disease, were randomly assigned to one of two diets. One group followed their own regular Western diet that was rich in AGEs. The second group followed a diet of similar caloric and nutrient content, but with only one-half the amount of AGEs, known as the "AGE-less diet."
Participants in the AGE-less intervention were advised to avoid grilling, frying or baking their food and instead were instructed to poach, stew, or steam their meals. There was no change in calories or nutrient intake during this period.
After four months on the AGE-less diet, blood AGE levels, lipid peroxides, inflammatory markers, and biomarkers of vascular function declined by as much as 60 percent in healthy participants. A reduction of similar magnitude was found in kidney patients after only one month on the AGE-less diet.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091104000929.htm



“The content of AGEs in the food is strongly influenced by the methods of preparation, particularly, the amount and duration of exposure to heat and by the associated water loss,” the study says. “Thus, methods such as frying or broiling greatly augment the AGE content of common foods, compared to boiling and steaming.”
http://www.healthcentral.com/diabetes/c/17/8985/ages-arent-aged


ON AGEs
Dear Reader,
Maybe you’re like me and you like your steak bloody or at least still pink in the middle. Let me put your mind at ease. The idea that it’s “healthier” to cook meat until it’s dry and tasteless is not backed by real scientific fact. In fact, cooking your food that way can cause arthritis, cancer, diabetes and heart disease.
Overcooking denatures protein, breaks down vitamins and removes nutrients. And, new research studies have linked eating these foods to premature aging by a process called glycation. Glycation is what happens to the proteins in our body as we age. The same process turns a turkey’s skin brown and crispy when it’s cooked.
Glycation is really the binding of protein and glucose molecules. The result is glycotoxins. As the glycotoxins accumulate in your cells, they send out chemical signals. The body responds by producing sites of inflammation. In addition, the abnormal protein structures do not regenerate.

They remain damaged. This is the process of aging and disease.

When we overcook foods, large amounts of glycotoxins collect in the food. A new study demonstrated that if we eat these foods, the glycotoxins transfer to our tissues.

Researchers at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine evaluated 24 diabetic participants. Scientists split the subjects into two groups. One group ate a diet low in glycotoxins. The other group ate a diet high in glycotoxins.
After only 2 weeks, the group eating the high-glycotoxin diet had up to 100% more glycotoxins present in their blood and urine that those who ate the low-glycotoxin diet1.
This is clear evidence that the glycotoxins from your food transfer into your body.
Overcooking has another negative consequence. It denatures many important nutrients in food. One of the best examples is CoQ10. You need CoQ10 for proper functioning of all of the major organs in your body. The best source of CoQ10 is red meat. Overcooking meat destroys CoQ10.
The good news is that by changing a few cooking habits you can enjoy good food, without glycotoxins. You can also add a supplement to your routine that helps fight glycation.
High-heat cooking methods usually cause food to change color or consistency. But if you want to avoid premature aging, try some different techniques.
You can reduce the number of glycotoxins in your food by cooking it at a lower heat. But low heat doesn’t have to be low in taste. You can use spices and fresh herbs to boost the taste of meals cooked at lower heat. Marinating your meat before you cook it is another good way to prevent or slow glycation.
The only supplement proven to prevent glycation is carnosine. A recent laboratory study shows that carnosine plays a direct role in disposing of glycated proteins in your tissues2. About 1000-mg of carnosine daily should protect your body from being cooked from the inside, out. Carnosine also protects your muscles from degenerating.http://www.alsearsmd.com/like-your-steak-rare/



Glycation Cross-linking

Cross-linking of proteins by glycation products reduces flexibility, elasticity and functioning of proteins, and can initiate harmful inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Thus is it implicated in degenerative diseases, and wreaks havoc on all body tissues, including:

1. •collagen in connective tissue,
2. •collagen in arterial tissues,
3. •kidneys,
4. •lens of the eye,
5. •immune cells,
6. •nerve myelin proteins,
7. •circulating LDL in the blood. 6


Anti-Glycation Response: Inflammation

Just as with oxidation, the immune system of healthy individuals is equipped to deal with AGEs. White blood cells known as macrophages each have hundreds of receptors to bind AGEs, allowing the macrophage to digest these toxic products. Just as when macrophages digest oxidized LDL products, foam cells are formed to contain the toxic material until HDL can remove it to the liver for further detoxification. But if there is insufficient HDL for the task, the foam cells will eventually burst, releasing their highly toxic contents to do further damage. In this way the inflammation is propagated.


What can Curb the Glycation Spiral?

The pharmaceutical companies are busy looking for drugs to solve the problem. Already, the drug Aminoguanidine, under the brand name of Pimagedine is being studied for it’s ability to slow the formation of glycation-induced crosslinks. And it has been proposed that aspirin may also have this ability (for example, chronic users of aspirin have fewer cataracts). Research is also underway to find drugs that will break the AGE crosslinks that have already formed. 3

Dr Nicholas Perricone believes he has found a natural solution. He proposes a low carb diet to normalize blood sugars (the same as that used to curb the oxidative spiral), along with supplementation by specific polysaccharides * and neuropeptides, as well as vitamins and other natural food-derived substances known to have anti-glycation function. 4

[* NOTE: While these polysaccharides are made up of sugar molecules in a chain, they cannot be digested by the human body into simple sugars (they are considered “fiber”) and so will not contribute to glycation. They include beta-glucans, such as those found in certain mushrooms and alpha-glucans, such as those in oat and barley bran).]

His protocol includes: 4

1. •Lignans from flaxseed hulls (These are phytoestrogenic fibers known to help control blood sugar and insulin, and also to improve gastrointestinal health, thus enhancing absorption and elimination of foods. They also may improve the effectiveness of mitochondria in energy-generating capacity.);
2. •Amino acids and polypeptides needed as raw material for all enzymatic processes, including the formation of insulin, and anti-aging antioxidants such as glutathione;
3. •Vitamins and minerals and co-factors needed for the body’s antioxidant and cell repair systems;
4. •Dietary fibers (alpha and beta glucans) that help control blood sugar and enhance digestion;
5. •Essential fatty acids;
6. •Anti-glycating supplements: alpha lipoic acid, benfotiamine, and carnosine; and Anti-oxidant supplements: L-carnitine, Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) as discussed below. These can also help with Insulin Resistance (IR).

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA; also known as thiotic acid) is known as a universal antioxidant: 400-times more effective than both vitamins C and E combined, and works equally well in both aqueous and lipid environments. It also recycles vitamins C and E, glutathione, and CoQ10 after they have been oxidized, and is the only antioxidant known to boost cellular levels of glutathione, critical for proper functioning of the immune system. It helps curtail glycation (by preventing the attachment of sugar to proteins), and enhances the transfer of blood sugar into the cells by stimulating glucose uptake. ALA is extensively involved in the Krebs cycle (the mitochondrial process that turns sugar into energy at the cellular level), by neutralizing the free radicals that are normally generated as byproducts of this energy production process. 4 ALA also has the ability to chelate harmful heavy metals such as mercury and lead so that they can be removed from the cells and thus protect them from oxidation by these toxic metals. 6
Benfotiamine, a fat-soluble synthetic variant of vitamin B1, “blocks three of the major bio-chemical pathways through which hyperglycemia does its pro-inflammatory damage, including the formation of AGEs.”4 It also enhances the activity of an enzyme that prevents activation of a “pro-inflammatory compound known as NF-kappa B, and converts harmful blood sugar metabolites into harmless chemicals.” 5
Carnosine, a naturally occurring di-peptide (2 amino acids in the chain), is a powerful antioxidant known to inhibit cross-links between glycated proteins (by chelating excess copper which would otherwise act as a catalyst for glycation and oxidation. It also has the unique ability to repair or remove damaged or ‘misfolded’ proteins, which have been implicated in Alzheimer’s and mad cow. 4
L-Carnitine is formed from the amino acids lysine and methionine, and is responsible for transport of fatty acids from the cellular fluid into the mitochondria, where they can be converted to energy. 10 It has anti-oxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects, and is considered a neuro-protective agent. The acetylized version (Acetyl-L-Carnitine) can cross the blood-brain barrier and is thus important to rejuvenate brain cells. 4
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is related in structure to vitamins E and K, 11 and works in the mitochondria: to transport electrons during energy production; and to protect them from free radicals formed during normal metabolism. Levels of CoQ10 decline with age. 4

And just to be on the safe side (in case those glycated foods really are harmful), change your cooking methods, especially when it comes to protein sources. Try stewing, steaming and slow-roasting in a low temperature oven, dutch oven, or crock pot. Slow cooking, especially with moisture present, keeps exogenous glycation to a minimum. Avoid fried, seared, and french-fried foods cooked quickly and at high temperatures.
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA; also known as thiotic acid) is known as a universal antioxidant: 400-times more effective than both vitamins C and E combined, and works equally well in both aqueous and lipid environments. It also recycles vitamins C and E, glutathione, and CoQ10 after they have been oxidized, and is the only antioxidant known to boost cellular levels of glutathione, critical for proper functioning of the immune system. It helps curtail glycation (by preventing the attachment of sugar to proteins), and enhances the transfer of blood sugar into the cells by stimulating glucose uptake. ALA is extensively involved in the Krebs cycle (the mitochondrial process that turns sugar into energy at the cellular level), by neutralizing the free radicals that are normally generated as byproducts of this energy production process. 4 ALA also has the ability to chelate harmful heavy metals such as mercury and lead so that they can be removed from the cells and thus protect them from oxidation by these toxic metals. 6
Benfotiamine, a fat-soluble synthetic variant of vitamin B1, “blocks three of the major bio-chemical pathways through which hyperglycemia does its pro-inflammatory damage, including the formation of AGEs.”4 It also enhances the activity of an enzyme that prevents activation of a “pro-inflammatory compound known as NF-kappa B, and converts harmful blood sugar metabolites into harmless chemicals.” 5
Carnosine, a naturally occurring di-peptide (2 amino acids in the chain), is a powerful antioxidant known to inhibit cross-links between glycated proteins (by chelating excess copper which would otherwise act as a catalyst for glycation and oxidation. It also has the unique ability to repair or remove damaged or ‘misfolded’ proteins, which have been implicated in Alzheimer’s and mad cow. 4
1.
2. L-Carnitine is formed from the amino acids lysine and methionine, and is responsible for transport of fatty acids from the cellular fluid into the mitochondria, where they can be converted to energy. 10 It has anti-oxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects, and is considered a neuro-protective agent. The acetylized version (Acetyl-L-Carnitine) can cross the blood-brain barrier and is thus important to rejuvenate brain cells. 4
3.
4. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is related in structure to vitamins E and K, 11 and works in the mitochondria: to transport electrons during energy production; and to protect them from free radicals formed during normal metabolism. Levels of CoQ10 decline with age. 4

And just to be on the safe side (in case those glycated foods really are harmful), change your cooking methods, especially when it comes to protein sources. Try stewing, steaming and slow-roasting in a low temperature oven, dutch oven, or crock pot. Slow cooking, especially with moisture present, keeps exogenous glycation to a minimum. Avoid fried, seared, and french-fried foods cooked quickly and at high temperatures.
http://web.mac.com/catherinehaug/iWeb/Health-Disease/Glycation.html


MORE ON AGEs

X-Message-Number: 28711
Date: Sun, 3 Dec 2006 12:06:18 -0800 (PST)
From: oberon@vcn.bc.ca
Subject: glycotoxin restriction extends rodent lifespan

[Feed restriction has extended lifespan in a wide variety of short lived
animal species. It had been assumed that the toxic effect of ad-libitum
feed consumption was due to excess calories. In the last several years
this assumption has been proven to be false. In nematodes, the benefit of
feed restriction is now ascribed to the restriction of coenzyme Q. In
drosophila, the benefit of feed restriction has been ascribed to protein
restriction. In mice, the benefit of feed restriction has been ascribed
to glycotoxin restriction. Over the years there have been a number of
failures in CR studies, where lifespan was not extended. These can be
explained, in the case of rodents, by a failure to control for glycotoxin
intake.]

[Glycotoxin content of rodent chow can be increased by roasting it at
high temperatures during sterilization. Rodents are adapted to consuming
only raw food in the wild, and they may be more vulnerable than humans to
the deletarious effects of Advanced Glycation End-products. Below serum
AGE levels closely predicted two year survival. Calorie intake by itself
was without effect. Note that glycotoxins are believed themselves to
affect body weight by influencing water retention.]

Diabetes June 2004 Volume 53 Supplement 2 A343 1426-P
Amelioration of Insulin Resistance, Weight Gain and Markers of Oxidant
Stress in Aging Mice by Dietary Glycotoxin Restriction: A Therapeutic
Alternative to Caloric Restriction?
Insulin Resistance (IR) and T2D are prevalent in older adults, and
preventable in animals by caloric restriction (CR), which is also known
to extend survival. Dietary AGE restriction prevents diabetic tissue
injury and recent data suggest that it may prevent IR in
db/db(+/+) mice. Herein we asked whether AGE restriction and CR have
similar effects on IR and OS in normal mice. In a 24-mo study, body
weight (BW), fasting glucose:insulin ratio (GIR), serum AGE (sAGE),
glutathone (GSH/GSSG), F8-isoprostanes (8-iso) and 2-ear survival were
assessed in C57BL/6 mice (age: 4 mos, n=20/group) kept on
different diets: Group A) regular ad lib (NIH-31, 323 AGE u/mg
protein); Group B) CR (60% of group A (NIA, 329 AGE u/mg); Group C) Low
in AGE, ad lib (NIH-31, L-AGE; 154 AGE u/mg) and Group D) CR (60% of
A) but high in AGE (H-AGE/CR: 928 AGE u/mg). At 24 mos, the following
data were obtained (Table 1):

Table 1
Groups BW fasting- sAGE 8-iso GSH/ 2y-
(g) GIR (u/ml) (pg/ml) GSSG survival
__________________________________________________________
H/CR D 29 11 60 226 90% 0/22
Regular/Ad-Lib A 38 12 42 103 100% 2/22
Regular/CR B 28 21 23 92 160% 5/22
L/Ad-Lib C 31 20 20 58 207% 9/22

Conclusions: 1. Long-term AGE restriction, like CR, prevents
age-related IR, weight gain, systemic OS and extends survival in mice,
but without compromising nutrient or energy content. 2. CR, without
restriction in glycoxidant content reduces BW, but fails to protect
against IR, AGE burden and OS, leading to reduced survival.

[Coenzyme Q10 is nontoxic in nematodes. It is dietary coenzyme Q8 which
reduces their lifespan.]

Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):120-3.
Extension of life-span in Caenorhabditis elegans by a diet lacking
coenzyme Q.
The isoprenylated benzoquinone coenzyme Q is a redox-active lipid
essential for electron transport in aerobic respiration. Here, we show
that withdrawal of coenzyme Q (Q) from the diet of wild-type nematodes
extends adult life-span by approximately 60%. The longevity of clk-1,
daf-2, daf-12, and daf-16 mutants is also extended by a Q-less diet. These
results establish the importance of Q in life-span determination. The
findings suggest that Q and the daf-2 pathway intersect at the
mitochondria and imply that a concerted production coupled with enhanced
scavenging of reactive oxygen species contributes to the substantial
life-span extension.

Mech Ageing Dev. 2006 Jul;127(7):643-6. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
Restriction of amino acids extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.
Dietary restriction extends adult Drosophila melanogaster life span
when the concentration of dietary yeast is diluted in a media with
abundant carbohydrates. Here we vary the concentration of casein as a
source of amino acids in adult diet to uncover a quality of nutrient
yeast responsible for longevity control. Longevity is maximized upon diet
with intermediary levels of casein. Differences in survival are not
caused by elevated age-independent mortality; the longevity maximum at
intermediate casein does not arise because casein is non-specifically
harmful at higher concentrations. Furthermore, fecundity increases when
the level of dietary casein is elevated. The demographic phenotypes of
adult Drosophila maintained on intermediate levels of casein resemble
their response to limited dietary yeast. Dietary restriction through
dilution of yeast may extend longevity because this limits the intake of
amino acids.

[Here's are some examples of failures in a CR experiments.]

Aging (Milano). 1995 Apr;7(2):136-9.
Is late-life caloric restriction beneficial?
Caloric restriction initiated in young mice and rats results in
increases in mean and median life span. When caloric restriction is
implemented in older animals, an increase in life span is still
observed; however, the magnitude of the increase is not as great as that
observed in animals calorie restricted since they were young. Here we
report the results of a pilot study in which caloric restriction was
initiated in mature, older rats. Survival rates and terminal pathology
were characterized and compared between a cohort of 17 continually ad
libitum fed Long Evans rats and a cohort of 18 Long Evans rats, which were
gradually introduced to 33% restriction in diet consumption at 18 months
of age. No difference in the median life span was observed between the
two groups. The data suggest there may be a level of maturity, or a stage
in the aging process, after which caloric restriction no longer increases
longevity.

Exp Gerontol. 1980;15(4):237-58.
Survival and disease patterns in C57BL/6J mice subjected to undernutrition.
Cheney KE, Liu RK, Smith GS, Leung RE, Mickey MR, Walford RL.

[One can avoid excessive AGEs in food by avoiding food that has been
processed at high temperatures. Example: Boiled oatmeal is low in AGEs,
while "Fiber 1" bran cereal is high in AGEs since "Fiber 1" is extruded
at a higher temperature. In general, steam, or boil instead of fry, or
broil. However it must be added that humans are not rodents, and may not
benefit much from dietary AGE reduction.]

[Can one reduce serum AGEs by means other than diet? Yes, activated
carbon can absorb AGEs, and this has increased lifespan in rodents. In
Japan a prescription activated carbon product has been used for years in
the treatment of kidney failure patients. However the primary dietary
toxin specific for humans which is scavenged by this product may have
another source.]

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HOW TO CURE AGES (Kremezin-A is only available in the US as cat medicine)

Kremezin-A orally administered Beaded Activated Carbon which strongly adsorbs Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Uremic Toxins
Below we present a summary of the major research results for Kremezin (also called AST-120 and Merckmezin), taken from published studies in the scientific peer-reviewed literature. Kremezin is made by the Japanese Kureha Corporationand is currently available for therapeutic use in Japan and Korea for chronic renal failure. It is also available for the same purpose for cats under the name Covalzin. (The Internet archived page for Covalzin as it was sold by Sankyo Lifetech Animal Products is being provided because although that company was sold to Novartis Animal Health in early 2007, Novartis is not yet showing Covalzin among its own products.)
Safety and Interactions
1. "Since AST-120 is not absorbed, it is unlikely that the mechanism of AST-120 antioxidant activity directly participates in radical scavenging in blood; rather, we hypothesize an indirect manifestation of activity, in which substances causing oxidative stress or their precursors are adsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, thus suppressing their levels in blood."R
2. "Eligible patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 doses of AST-120 (0.9, 2.1, or 3.0 g) or placebo 3 times daily for 12 weeks. ... All doses of AST-120 were well tolerated and did not adversely affect the general health status of patients."R
3. "AST-120 is an orally administered adsorbent used in Japan for prolonging time to initiation of hemodialysis and improving uremic symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As AST-120 is suspected to reduce the progression of CKD by adsorbing renal toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, the objective of the current study was to determine whether binding of AST-120 to creatinine in the intestines could acutely alter creatinine balance, thereby limiting the utility of serum creatinine (sCr) as a measure of progression of renal function. ... Patients with CKD (n = 20) received oral doses of AST-120(3 g t.i.d.) and placebo in a two-way crossover study. Blood and urine were collected for determination of sCr, 24-hour urinary creatinine (UcrV), creatinine clearance (Ccr), and urea nitrogen clearance (URCL). ... Following AST-120 and placebo treatments, ... No significant differences were observed for Ccr and URCL. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that AST-120 has no acute impact on creatinine balance in patients with CKD. Consequently, sCr and other markers of renal function are acceptable measures for assessing changes in renal function following AST-120 treatment."R
Proven and Potential Benefits
1. "The effect of AST-120, an oral adsorbent, on oxidative stress in the systemic circulation in chronic renal failure (CRF) was examined and the potential role of indoxyl sulfate (IS), an uremic toxin adsorbed by AST-120, in inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular system was studied, in vitro and in vivo [in CRF rats]. ... An increase in the ratio of oxidized to unoxidized albumin was determined ... compared to a control group. The ratio was significantly reduced in the group that received AST-120 of 4 weeks, suggesting that AST-120 inhibits oxidative stress in CRF. ... We propose that AST-120 reduces IS concentrations in the blood that induces ROS production in endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting the subsequent occurrence of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation in renal failure.R
2. "The pathological role of the non-enzymatic modification of proteins by reducing sugars has become increasingly evident in various disorders. It is now well established that early glycation products undergo progressive modification over time in vivo to the formation of irreversible cross-links, after which these molecules are termed "AGEs (advanced glycation end products)". AGEs have been implicated in the development of many of the pathological sequelae of diabetes and aging, such as diabetic microangiopathy, ischemic heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, digested food-derived AGEs are also found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGE-related disorders. Diet is a major environmental source of pro-inflammatory AGEs. Indeed, restriction of dietary glycotoxins decreases excessive AGE levels and subsequently reduces the inflammatory responses in patients with diabetes. These observations suggest that inhibition of absorption of dietary AGEs may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the above-mentioned AGE-related disorders. AST-120 (Kremezin(R)) is an oral adsorbent that attenuates the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) by removing uremic toxins. We have recently found that AST-120 binds to carboxymethyllysine (CML), one of the well-characterized, digested food-derived AGEs in vitro and that administration of AST-120 decreases serum levels of AGEs in non-diabetic CRF patients. These findings suggest that digested food-derived AGEs such as CML may be a novel molecular target for oral adsorbent AST-120 and that AST-120 could exert beneficial effects on CRF patients by adsorbing diet-derived AGEs and subsequently decreasing serum AGE levels. If our speculation is correct, AST-120 may have therapeutic potentials for the treatment of patients with various AGE-related disorders as well. In this paper, we would like to propose the possible ways of testing our hypotheses. Does the long-term treatment of AST-120 decrease serum and tissue levels of AGEs in diabetic patients? Does this treatment also reduce the risk for the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy or ischemic heart disease? If the answers are yes, do the serum and/or tissue levels of AGEs after AST-120 treatment predict its beneficial effects on diabetic vascular complications? How about the effects of AST-120 on Alzheimer's disease, another AGE-related neurodegenerative disorder? Does the treatment of AST-120 reduce the risk for Alzheimer's disease and/or improve the cognitive impairment of patients with this disorder? These prospective studies will provide further valuable information whether the inhibition of absorption of dietary AGEs by AST-120 could be clinically relevant."R
3. "Indoxyl sulfate shows nephrotoxicity and is a stimulating factor for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). ... [In rats] Administration of Kremezin significantly decreased serum and urine levels of indoxyl sulfate and serum creatinine and significantly increased creatinine clearance as compared with control values. The change in serum indoxyl sulfate noted from the initial to the final week showed a positive correlation with the change in serum creatinine and a negative correlation with the change in creatinine clearance. Kremezin significantly reduced urine levels of acrolein, a marker of oxidative stress, as compared with control levels. CONCLUSIONS: The indoxyl sulfate-lowering capacity of oral adsorbents affects the prognosis of kidney function in CKD. The more serum indoxyl sulfate is reduced, the better kidney function is preserved. Kremezin alleviates oxidative stress in the kidneys by reducing serum levels of indoxyl sulfate."R
4. "We previously reported a significant increase in plasma TGF-beta1 in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Progression of CRF may be caused by persistent renal production of TGF-beta1. In CRF rat models, an oral carbonic absorbent (AST-120) reduces the expression of the TGF-beta1 gene in the kidney, and delays the progression of CRF, in part by alleviating the overload of indoxyl sulfate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AST-120 on plasma levels of indoxyl sulfate and TGF-beta1 in CRF patients. METHODS: Ten CRF patients (aged 59.3 +/- 9.5 years, 5 men, serum creatinine 4.37 +/- 1.72 mg/dl) were enrolled in this study. All patients maintained a regular dietary therapy and the same medication throughout the study. AST-120 was added at a dose of 6 g/day. ... Administration of AST-120 significantly reduced the plasma levels of indoxyl sulfate (1.42 +/- 1.50 vs. 1.26 +/- 1.40 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and TGF-beta1 (17.9 +/- 7.2 vs. 10.6 +/- 4.7 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and improved the slope of the reciprocal of serum creatinine (-0.061 +/- 0.041 vs. -0.032 +/- 0.055 dl/mg/year, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that indoxyl sulfate and TGF-beta1 may be involved in the progression of CRF, and that the oral adsorbent AST-120 may suppress the progression, at least in part, by reducing overproduction of TGF-beta1."R
5. "We studied whether adding the spherical adsorptive carbon AST-120 to conventional treatments is effective in inhibiting progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the stage of moderate decrease in renal function. METHODS: 43 CKD patients with moderately impaired renal function indicated by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 20-70 ml/min ... were enrolled in the study. 26 patients showing a decrease of GFR by 5 ml/min during a 1-year observation period were randomized to receive ongoing treatments only (control group, 12 cases) or with AST-120 co-administered with ongoing treatment (AST-120 group, 14 cases). The intervention period was 1 year and the change in GFR was the primary evaluation variable. RESULTS: ... the rate of decline in GFR was significantly retarded (p < 0.001) in the AST-120 group while no significant difference was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that co-administration of AST-120 with conventional treatments retards decline in renal function in CKD patients with moderate decrease in renal function."R
6. "Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are senescent macroprotein derivatives that are formed at an accelerated rate in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). AGE formation and accumulation in plasma and vascular tissues contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis in this devastating disorder. AST-120 is an oral adsorbent that attenuates the progression of CRF by removing uremic toxins. Recently, AST-120 has been reported to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis as well. However, whether AST-120 decreases serum levels of AGEs and subsequently exerts atheroprotective properties remains to be elucidated. Ten nondiabetic CRF patients were enrolled in this study. All patients were kept on regular therapeutic diet and medications throughout the study. Serum AGE levels before and after AST-120 treatments were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ... Administration of AST-120 (6 g/day) for 3 months significantly decreased serum levels of AGEs in nondiabetic CRF patients, whereas AGE levels remained unchanged in age- and renal function-matched CRF patients without AST-120 treatment (n = 6). Patient serum after AST-120 treatment significantly reduced mRNA levels of receptor for AGEs, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular adhesion molecule-1 in HUVECs [cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells] compared with serum before treatment. Moreover, in vitro, AST-120 was found to adsorb carboxymethyllysine (CML), one of the well-characterized, digested food-derived AGEs. This study suggests that atheroprotective properties of AST-120 can be ascribed, at least in part, to its AGE-lowering ability via absorption of CML."R
7. "Using a rat model ... focusing on indoxyl sulphate (IS) as a representative UTx [uraemic toxin], we analysed the effect of an oral charcoal adsorbent AST-120, which removes uraemic toxins and their precursors from the gastrointestinal tract, on bone turnover. ... In rats treated with vehicle, serum IS level increased with time after renal dysfunction, while bone formation decreased accompanied by down-regulation of the parathyroid/parathyroid-related peptide hormone receptor, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin genes. Administration of AST-120 inhibited the accumulation of IS in blood and ameliorated bone formation. Bone formation rate was 2.4 +/- 1.7 microm(3)/m(2)/year in controls given vehicle and was 11.7 +/- 2.4 microm(3)/m(2)/year in rats administered with AST-120 (P < 0.05). AST-120 treatment also reversed the down-regulation of osteoblast-related genes. ... Administration of the oral charcoal adsorbent AST-120 decreases the osteoblast cytotoxicity of UTx including IS, and suppresses progression of low bone turnover in uraemic rats."R
8. "A novel charcoal compound, AST-120, has been used for over a decade in Japan to prevent progression of CKD. It is thought that the oral administration of AST-120 blocks the intestinal absorption of tryptophan-derived indole. This prevents the hepatic conversion of indole to indoxyl sulfate (IS). IS has been shown to stimulate the production of profibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta. AST-120 lowers IS in a dose dependent fashion and does not change the creatinine appearance rate in the urine."R
9. "Kremezin was given to 48 enrolled undialyzed patients with a median Scr [serum creatinine} level of 4.3 mg/dL. Rates of decline of 1/Scr, as well as the time for Scr level to reach 10 mg/dL, the critical value requiring dialysis, were compared before and after administration of Kremezin. RESULTS: During the 2-year therapeutic period, 1/Scr gradients were significantly attenuated (P = 0.0083), and the estimated time to dialysis was prolonged from 16.3 +/- 16.3 months to 29.8 +/- 24.1 months (P = 0.002). When the patients were divided into two groups, based on of systolic blood pressure (SBP), defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, a significantly smaller number of patients in the low blood pressure group (SBP < 160 mmHg) were introduced to dialysis (P = 0.0005), and the estimated time to dialysis was significantly extended in the low blood pressure group (P = 0.0125). CONCLUSION: In addition to the control of blood pressure in undialyzed patients, Kremezin has additive salutary effects to halt the progressive loss of renal function, resulting in the delay of dialysis."R
10. "Intima media thickness (IMT) and stiffness of the carotid arteries is related to coronary artery disease, and chronic renal failure patients are at high risk for such diseases. ... The aim of the present study was to determine whether AST-120 affects carotid artery IMT and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing dialysis. METHODS: Fifty patients with non-diabetic chronic renal failure were randomly divided into two groups: 30 patients (18 men and 12 women; mean age 53.5 years; mean serum creatinine 3.2 mg/dl) who were given AST-120 (6.0 g/day) and 20 patients (12 men and 8 women; mean age 52.0 years; mean serum creatinine 3.5 mg/dl) who were not given AST-120. Thirty healthy age-matched subjects (18 men and 12 women; mean age 51.5 years; mean serum creatinine 0.9 mg/dl) were also included. The treatment period was 24 months. IMT and arterial stiffness were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: The slope of the reciprocal serum creatinine concentration over time became significantly less steep in the AST-120 group than in the non-AST-120 group (p < 0.001). Before treatment, carotid artery IMT differed little between the AST-120 group (0.90 +/- 0.22 mm) and the non-AST-120 group (0.88 +/- 0.20 mm). IMT in these two groups was significantly greater than IMT in the control group (0.64 +/- 0.14 mm) (p < 0.01). Carotid IMT in the AST-120 group decreased slightly but not significantly to 0.84 +/- 0.20 mm after 12 months and then significantly after 24 months to 0.78 +/- 0.18 mm (p < 0.05). Carotid IMT in the non-AST group showed little change throughout the experimental period. PWV differed little between the AST-120 group (1,980 +/- 330 cm/s) and the non-AST group (1,940 +/- 360 cm/s) before treatment. PWV values in these two groups were significantly greater than PWV in the control group (1,280 +/- 240 cm/s) (p < 0.01). After 12 and 24 months, PWV in the AST-120 group decreased significantly to 1,840 +/- 280 cm/s (p < 0.05) and to 1,780 +/- 260 cm/s (p < 0.05), respectively; however, PWV in the non-AST group showed a slight increase during the experimental period. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that AST-120 may reduce arterial stiffness and IMT in non-diabetic chronic renal failure patients before dialysis."R
11. "Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid, is bound mostly to albumin in plasma. However, it is reported that binding is inhibited by indoles that accumulate in uremic plasma. This may be responsible for the malnutrition observed in uremic patients. AST-120, an oral adsorbent of uremic toxins, can reduce concentrations of indoxyl sulfate (IS), the most abundant indolic metabolite in uremic plasma. We therefore investigated whether AST-120 recovers TRP binding to plasma proteins and improves the nutritional state of uremic patients. METHODS: The in vitro binding ratio of TRP to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was measured in the presence of IS by the equilibrium dialysis technique. In addition, five predialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were administered AST-120 for 2 months. Plasma concentrations of total TRP, IS, and free TRP were measured in five healthy volunteers (normal [N] group) and five patients with CRF before and after 2 weeks of AST-120 therapy (6 g/d). Their nutritional statuses also were compared before and after 2 months of AST-120 administration. RESULTS: IS inhibited in vitro binding of TRP to BSA in a dose-dependent manner. Total TRP concentrations and protein-binding ratios in patients with CRF (0.90 +/- 0.08 mg/dL and 68.7% +/- 6.8%, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the N group (2.45 +/- 0.45 mg/dL and 92.0% +/- 1.4%, respectively). However, a 2-week administration of AST-120 significantly reduced IS levels from 1.79 +/- 1.01 to 1.15 +/- 0.85 mg/dL (N group, 0.06 +/- 0.01 mg/dL), increased total TRP levels (1.16 +/- 0.18 mg/dL), and improved the TRP plasma protein-binding ratio to 83.1% +/- 3.8%, whereas total protein and albumin levels remained unchanged. After 2 months of AST-120 administration, serum albumin and transferrin levels increased significantly. CONCLUSION: AST-120 improves nutritional state, at least partly through correcting impaired TRP metabolism, in patients with CRF."R
12. "AST-120 significantly reduced renal expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, osteopontin, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, as well as clusterin. ... AST-120 also decreased serum and urinary levels of indoxyl sulfate and the overload of indoxyl sulfate in tubular cells. CONCLUSIONS: AST-120 ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury by reducing renal expression of ICAM-1, osteopontin, MCP-1, TGF-beta1 and clusterin in 1/2NxOLETF rats."R
13. The relationship between insulin resistance and local uremic toxins was examined using an oral adsorbent. Fourteen rats demonstrating a diabetic state underwent two-thirds, nephrectomy and were divided into two groups. The control group was fed standard rat chow, and the test group was fed standard rat chow containing 5% AST-120. The target level of blood glucose was achieved by controlling the dosage of exogenous insulin. All rats were sacrificed at week 6. Body weight, blood glucose level, and renal function at week 6 were not significantly different between both groups. However, the mean blood glucose level and the mean dose of exogenous insulin in the AST-120-fed group were significantly reduced as compared with the control group. The results of the present study indicate that administration of an oral adsorbent in diabetic nephropathy decreases the doses of exogenous insulin and improves insulin resistance, and that uremic toxins which exist in the gastrointestinal tract play important roles."R
14. "We have reported that oral sorbent AST-120 (AST) is effective in delaying the induction of dialysis in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) because of its effect on lipid metabolism. To clarify the precise mechanism of AST in lipid abnormalities in CRF, we examined the effect of AST on plasma lipid profile, total bile acids (TBA), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in experimental uremic rats. METHODS: Uremic rats were prepared using male Wistar rats by ligating 5/6 of the renal artery. Uremic rats were randomly divided into two groups as follows: a control group in which rats were maintained on the standard diet and an AST group in which rats were maintained on a diet containing 5 g of AST per 100 g of standard diet for 10 weeks. Plasma LPL activity was measured as free fatty acid (FFA) generation after intravenous administration of heparin. RESULTS: Plasma creatinine at 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg/dl was lower in the AST group than the 1.9 +/- 0.5 mg/ml level in the control group. AST significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol from 192 +/- 29 to 142 +/- 25 mg/dl, triglycerides from 198 +/- 71 to 99 +/- 38 mg/dl, and TBA from 19.6 +/- 2.6 mumol/liter to 8.8 +/- 3.5 mumol/ml. Plasma LPL activity at 0.22 +/- 0.01 mumol FFA/min/hr was significantly higher in the AST group than 0.15 +/- 0.03 mumol FFA/min/hr in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AST may improve plasma lipid abnormalities by binding to bile acids in the intestinal lumen and preventing their reabsorption and inhibiting the reduction of LPL activity in experimental uremic rats."R
http://morelife.org/supplements/kremezin.html


The pathological role of the non-enzymatic modification of proteins by reducing sugars has become increasingly evident in various disorders. It is now well established that early glycation products undergo progressive modification over time in vivo to the formation of irreversible cross-links, after which these molecules are termed "AGEs (advanced glycation end products)". AGEs have been implicated in the development of many of the pathological sequelae of diabetes and aging, such as diabetic microangiopathy, ischemic heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, digested food-derived AGEs are also found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGE-related disorders. Diet is a major environmental source of pro-inflammatory AGEs. Indeed, restriction of dietary glycotoxins decreases excessive AGE levels and subsequently reduces the inflammatory responses in patients with diabetes. These observations suggest that inhibition of absorption of dietary AGEs may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the above-mentioned AGE-related disorders. AST-120 (Kremezin) is an oral adsorbent that attenuates the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) by removing uremic toxins. We have recently found that AST-120 binds to carboxymethyllysine (CML), one of the well-characterized, digested food-derived AGEs in vitro and that administration of AST-120 decreases serum levels of AGEs in non-diabetic CRF patients. These findings suggest that digested food-derived AGEs such as CML may be a novel molecular target for oral adsorbent AST-120 and that AST-120 could exert beneficial effects on CRF patients by adsorbing diet-derived AGEs and subsequently decreasing serum AGE levels. If our speculation is correct, AST-120 may have therapeutic potentials for the treatment of patients with various AGE-related disorders as well. In this paper, we would like to propose the possible ways of testing our hypotheses. Does the long-term treatment of AST-120 decrease serum and tissue levels of AGEs in diabetic patients? Does this treatment also reduce the risk for the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy or ischemic heart disease? If the answers are yes, do the serum and/or tissue levels of AGEs after AST-120 treatment predict its beneficial effects on diabetic vascular complications? How about the effects of AST-120 on Alzheimer's disease, another AGE-related neurodegenerative disorder? Does the treatment of AST-120 reduce the risk for Alzheimer's disease and/or improve the cognitive impairment of patients with this disorder? These prospective studies will provide further valuable information whether the inhibition of absorption of dietary AGEs by AST-120 could be clinically relevant.
http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/17331665/Oral_administration_of_AST-120_Kremezin_is_a_promising_therapeutic_strategy_for_advanced_glycation_end_product_AGE_-r



http://www.cureendometriosis.com/the-scary-link-between-endometriosis-and-dioxin-be-sure-to-avoid-it/

"Except for phytoestrogens, most of the tested chemicals (DDT and its metabolites, aldrin, alpha- and beta-endosulfan, toxaphen, trans-nonachlor) show higher affinities for hPR than for hERalpha, indicating that the interaction with the progesterone receptor could contribute to the endocrine-disrupting effects imputed to these chemicals."
https://www.mims.com/Page.aspx?menuid=pubmeddetail&pmid=medline10n0494\14579009.xml&h=Fungicide

Berberine reduces insulin resistance: The roles for glucocorticoid receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor
To the Editor:
We read with interest an article by Zhao et al. entitled “Berberine reduces insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone in theca cells in vitro” recently published in Fertility and Sterility (1). The authors showed that synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in theca cells is diminished by berberine.
The uterus is a muscle. Like all muscles, it can contract and relax. During your period, it contracts more strongly. Sometimes when it contracts you feel a cramping pain.
The uterine muscles contract whenprostaglandins are produced. Prostaglandins are chemicals made by the lining of the uterus. Before your period, the level of these chemicals increases. At the start of your period, prostaglandin levels are high. As you menstruate, the level of prostaglandins decreases. This is why pain tends to lessen after the first few days of the period
Medications
Certain medications, called NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), block the body from making prostaglandins. This makes cramps less severe. These drugs also can prevent some symptoms, such as nausea and diarrhea. Most NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can be bought over-the-counter (without a prescription). Another type, COX-2 inhibitors, may be prescribed.
NSAIDs work best if taken at the first sign of your period or pain. You usually take them for only 1 or 2 days and should avoid alcohol during this time. Women with bleeding disorders, liver damage, stomach disorders, or ulcers should not take NSAIDs.
Hormonal Contraception
Hormonal contraception, such as birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings, also reduce menstrual pain. In some cases, the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) may be recommended. The hormones in these types of contraception help control the growth of the lining of the uterus so less prostaglandin is made. That means there are fewer contractions, less blood flow, and less pain. Hormones may stop the growth of fibroids and endometriosis. However, they often grow back when treatment stops. If needed, contraception can be used with other medications that decrease estrogen levels or stop menstrual cycles. This helps prevent pain before it starts.
http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp046.cfm